北方湖库沉积物重金属区域特征及生态风险评价(3)

同中部的南四湖相比,松花湖、小兴凯湖沉积物重金属含量低于南四湖；大伙房水库高于南四湖；其余 3湖库相差不大；重金属整体含量同南四湖持平.但经济相对发达的珠江口相比重金属含量则明显高于北方六湖库.

湖库沉积物重金属污染情况大致可分为基本无污染、轻微污染、重污染3种.白洋淀等北方六湖库都属于基本无污染范畴,整体水质保持良好,只有个别点位出现重金属元素超标情况；珠江口等属于轻微污染状态,Zn含量超标,其余处于污染较低水平；滇池、美国 Narragansett湾则属于典型的重污染范畴,滇池沉积物中 Zn、Pb、Cr为轻度污染,Cu为中度污染状态,整体多元素超标,水质较差.

综上所述,与我国西南部、长江中下游、西北部、中部、南部等其他地区对比,北方六湖库沉积物重金属Zn的含量相对其他重金属较高,这可能与我国北部地区的土壤背景值有一定关系,且可能与北部地区电泳电镀等企业分布较多有关[23].与美国、英国、墨西哥等国外水域相比,沉积物重金属Zn、Pb含量明显高于背景值,有富集现象存在.不同湖库沉积物重金属的分布也具有显著的区域性,不同地区主要污染源存在明显差别,且存在人类频繁活动地区湖库沉积物重金属含量高于人类活动较少地区,工业密集区湖库沉积物重金属含量要明显高于工业非密集区,这表明除了土壤背景值导致的区域性差别外,人为扰动也是导致北方六湖库沉积物重金属含量存在差别的主要因素.

表4 北方六湖库沉积物重金属及国内外其他水体沉积物重金属含量Table 4 Heavy metal content in sediments of six northern lakes and reservoirs and heavy metal content in other waters at home and 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